The Great Patriotic War, which began June 22, 1941 invasion of German troops into the territory of the Soviet Union without declaring war is, without doubt, one of the most significant events of the XX century. Currently, the urgent issues of the Victory price has increased significantly. This is due not only to the half-century anniversary of the war, but also the emergence of new international legal, social, economic, moral, psychological and other problems caused by the collapse of the state, whose people have not only survived for an unprecedented strenuous opposition of the XX century, but also defeated the strongest military machine in the face of Germany and its allies. In his lecture, I review progress in fighting the final period of the war, I tell you what courage showed the Soviet people in the struggle against fascism, and focus on the loss of the Soviet Union: the human and material during the war.
In the military-strategic terms the Great Patriotic War is divided into three periods:
The first period lasted from June 22, 1941 to November 18, 1942. In this period were more than 30 major strategic and front-line operations, mainly defensive. Main content of the period are: strategic defense of the Soviet Armed Forces, the defeat of the enemy troops at Moscow, the failure to defeat the fascist coalition of the USSR in the lightning war.
The second period lasted from November 19, 1942 to December 31, 1943. During the second period there were 26 major operations, with 23 offensive. In this period of great change in the Great Patriotic War.
The third period lasted from January 1, 1944 to May 9, 1945. The third period was carried out 34 major offensive operations. The main content of the period is the defeat of the fascist bloc, the expulsion of its troops from the USSR, the liberation of occupied Europe, the complete collapse of Germany and its unconditional surrender.
Third period.Do end of the war was far away. The enemy continued to occupy most of the Soviet Union. His army was still high combat, obstinately resisted. It consisted of more than 10 million people. Military industries of Germany and its satellites provide a lot of issue military equipment could equip 225 infantry and 45 armored diviziy1.
The Soviet-German front remained still decisive front in World War II. On January 1, 1944 of the 365 divisions and brigades in Germany and its allies, and almost 70% were on the eastern front. Of the 37 Panzer Division 25 operated against the Red Army. Nazi troops on the Eastern Front had about 5 million people, 54,570 guns and mortars, 5,400 tanks and assault guns, samoletov2 3070.
A Soviet Historical Encyclopedia. T. 3. P. 93
2 Ibid.
The Red Army was the beginning of 1944 6.75 million people, 97,690 guns and mortars, 5630 tanks, 8820 combat samoletov1.
As we see the superiority in the Red Army had, but not overwhelming. It was about 26% overweight in men and 44% in engineering.
3 The Soviet Historical Encyclopedia.
The third period of the war consisted of three campaigns: the winter-spring and summer and autumn of 1944 and 1945 campaigns.
Winter-spring campaign in 1944 (January 1-May 31)
Without operational pauses Red Army went on the offensive.
Operations of the Soviet troops in the third period began December 24, 1943 attack on the right-bank Ukraine. It is developed on the vast expanses - from Polesie to the Black Sea from the Dnieper to the Carpathians and was held in difficult conditions of winter and the spring thaw in nearly four months.
One of the largest operations in the winter-spring campaign of 1944 - Dniepr-Carpathian strategic offensive operation. It was a system related in time and direction of the strokes of ten front-line operations. She carried troops 1, 2, 3, 4th Ukrainian fronts. At the final stage was attended by troops of the 2nd Byelorussian Front. As part of the four Ukrainian fronts to the top of the operation there was 2 million 405 thousand soldiers and ofitserov2 In a strategic enemy force had more than 1.7 million people. Thus, the Soviet troops in the operation, superior to the enemy by 1.4 times. As a result of conduction
A Soviet Historical Encyclopedia. P. 94
2 Neck secrecy lifted. S. 197, 198
excited hostilities had been completed the rout of the entire southern wing of the German Eastern Front. The German command was forced to throw in the Ukraine, a large force from the west (34 divisions and 4 brigades), than weakened the grouping of their troops and Europe.
Soviet troops liberated the vast territory west of the Dnieper in Ukraine, moved to the approaches to southern Poland and Czechoslovakia, and on March 28 reached the state border, and crossed the Prut River and entered into Romania. For the first time during the war years fighting have been moved from the Soviet Union.
Another thundering battles in the Ukraine, and the troops of the 4th Ukrainian Front began the Crimean strategic offensive operation (April 8 - May 12). After inflicting a crushing blow to Perekopa Sivash and the other with a base in the area of Kerch, the Soviet troops broke through the defense of German 17th Army and went to Sevastopol. May 9, 1944, Soviet troops liberated the city of naval glory, and May 12 balances defeated the enemy at Cape Chersonese. The 17th German Army lost 100,000 killed and captured, and all military equipment ceased to exist.
Irreversible loss of the 4th Ukrainian Front, the Independent Coastal Army and the Black Sea Fleet in the operation, which led the FI Tolbukhin amounted to 17.8 thousand people evacuated the wounded from the battlefield - 67 000 people1.
At the same time unfolded the Soviet offensive in the north-west direction. It's time to completely release from the blockade of Leningrad. January 14, after a prolonged artillery barrage, the troops of the Leningrad, Volkhov and 2nd Baltic Fronts and forces of the Baltic Fleet started the conductivity
A neck of secrecy lifted. S. 200
deniyu Leningrad-Novgorod strategic offensive operation. It lasted 48 days and completed successfully. The Red Army broke through the enemy defenses in the 600-kilometer stretch, threw it at 220-280 kilometers from Leningrad, and south of Lake Ilmen moved to the west and 180 kilometers. January 27 Leningrad was finally liberated from the enemy blockade, which lasted 900 days. And units of the Red Army entered the land of Estonia.
The defeat of the enemy at Leningrad and Novgorod - one of the brightest pages of military annals of the Red Army. North shaft collapsed Germans were created favorable conditions for subsequent operations on the Karelian Isthmus, in Karelia, the Arctic and the Baltic. The Soviet offensive in the north-west of the German High Command deprived of use of forces of Army Group "North" to transport them to the south, where our troops have inflicted major blow.
No less successful were held Kalikovichsko-Mozyr and the Rogachev-Zhlobin offensive operations in the western direction in the band between Nevel and Mozyr.The troops of the 1st Baltic, Western and Belorussian fronts caused major damage to Army Group "Center" and liberated a large part of Belarus.
In general, the winter-spring operations campaign of 1944 had enormous political, economic and strategic implications. The enemy had been released nearly three-quarters of the occupied Soviet territory. The Red Army finally powerful offensive foiled plans to hold the Wehrmacht's eastern front at the turn of the Dnieper River, away from the borders of Germany, and thus prolong the war
In the military-strategic terms the Great Patriotic War is divided into three periods:
The first period lasted from June 22, 1941 to November 18, 1942. In this period were more than 30 major strategic and front-line operations, mainly defensive. Main content of the period are: strategic defense of the Soviet Armed Forces, the defeat of the enemy troops at Moscow, the failure to defeat the fascist coalition of the USSR in the lightning war.
The second period lasted from November 19, 1942 to December 31, 1943. During the second period there were 26 major operations, with 23 offensive. In this period of great change in the Great Patriotic War.
The third period lasted from January 1, 1944 to May 9, 1945. The third period was carried out 34 major offensive operations. The main content of the period is the defeat of the fascist bloc, the expulsion of its troops from the USSR, the liberation of occupied Europe, the complete collapse of Germany and its unconditional surrender.
Third period.Do end of the war was far away. The enemy continued to occupy most of the Soviet Union. His army was still high combat, obstinately resisted. It consisted of more than 10 million people. Military industries of Germany and its satellites provide a lot of issue military equipment could equip 225 infantry and 45 armored diviziy1.
The Soviet-German front remained still decisive front in World War II. On January 1, 1944 of the 365 divisions and brigades in Germany and its allies, and almost 70% were on the eastern front. Of the 37 Panzer Division 25 operated against the Red Army. Nazi troops on the Eastern Front had about 5 million people, 54,570 guns and mortars, 5,400 tanks and assault guns, samoletov2 3070.
A Soviet Historical Encyclopedia. T. 3. P. 93
2 Ibid.
The Red Army was the beginning of 1944 6.75 million people, 97,690 guns and mortars, 5630 tanks, 8820 combat samoletov1.
As we see the superiority in the Red Army had, but not overwhelming. It was about 26% overweight in men and 44% in engineering.
3 The Soviet Historical Encyclopedia.
The third period of the war consisted of three campaigns: the winter-spring and summer and autumn of 1944 and 1945 campaigns.
Winter-spring campaign in 1944 (January 1-May 31)
Without operational pauses Red Army went on the offensive.
Operations of the Soviet troops in the third period began December 24, 1943 attack on the right-bank Ukraine. It is developed on the vast expanses - from Polesie to the Black Sea from the Dnieper to the Carpathians and was held in difficult conditions of winter and the spring thaw in nearly four months.
One of the largest operations in the winter-spring campaign of 1944 - Dniepr-Carpathian strategic offensive operation. It was a system related in time and direction of the strokes of ten front-line operations. She carried troops 1, 2, 3, 4th Ukrainian fronts. At the final stage was attended by troops of the 2nd Byelorussian Front. As part of the four Ukrainian fronts to the top of the operation there was 2 million 405 thousand soldiers and ofitserov2 In a strategic enemy force had more than 1.7 million people. Thus, the Soviet troops in the operation, superior to the enemy by 1.4 times. As a result of conduction
A Soviet Historical Encyclopedia. P. 94
2 Neck secrecy lifted. S. 197, 198
excited hostilities had been completed the rout of the entire southern wing of the German Eastern Front. The German command was forced to throw in the Ukraine, a large force from the west (34 divisions and 4 brigades), than weakened the grouping of their troops and Europe.
Soviet troops liberated the vast territory west of the Dnieper in Ukraine, moved to the approaches to southern Poland and Czechoslovakia, and on March 28 reached the state border, and crossed the Prut River and entered into Romania. For the first time during the war years fighting have been moved from the Soviet Union.
Another thundering battles in the Ukraine, and the troops of the 4th Ukrainian Front began the Crimean strategic offensive operation (April 8 - May 12). After inflicting a crushing blow to Perekopa Sivash and the other with a base in the area of Kerch, the Soviet troops broke through the defense of German 17th Army and went to Sevastopol. May 9, 1944, Soviet troops liberated the city of naval glory, and May 12 balances defeated the enemy at Cape Chersonese. The 17th German Army lost 100,000 killed and captured, and all military equipment ceased to exist.
Irreversible loss of the 4th Ukrainian Front, the Independent Coastal Army and the Black Sea Fleet in the operation, which led the FI Tolbukhin amounted to 17.8 thousand people evacuated the wounded from the battlefield - 67 000 people1.
At the same time unfolded the Soviet offensive in the north-west direction. It's time to completely release from the blockade of Leningrad. January 14, after a prolonged artillery barrage, the troops of the Leningrad, Volkhov and 2nd Baltic Fronts and forces of the Baltic Fleet started the conductivity
A neck of secrecy lifted. S. 200
deniyu Leningrad-Novgorod strategic offensive operation. It lasted 48 days and completed successfully. The Red Army broke through the enemy defenses in the 600-kilometer stretch, threw it at 220-280 kilometers from Leningrad, and south of Lake Ilmen moved to the west and 180 kilometers. January 27 Leningrad was finally liberated from the enemy blockade, which lasted 900 days. And units of the Red Army entered the land of Estonia.
The defeat of the enemy at Leningrad and Novgorod - one of the brightest pages of military annals of the Red Army. North shaft collapsed Germans were created favorable conditions for subsequent operations on the Karelian Isthmus, in Karelia, the Arctic and the Baltic. The Soviet offensive in the north-west of the German High Command deprived of use of forces of Army Group "North" to transport them to the south, where our troops have inflicted major blow.
No less successful were held Kalikovichsko-Mozyr and the Rogachev-Zhlobin offensive operations in the western direction in the band between Nevel and Mozyr.The troops of the 1st Baltic, Western and Belorussian fronts caused major damage to Army Group "Center" and liberated a large part of Belarus.
In general, the winter-spring operations campaign of 1944 had enormous political, economic and strategic implications. The enemy had been released nearly three-quarters of the occupied Soviet territory. The Red Army finally powerful offensive foiled plans to hold the Wehrmacht's eastern front at the turn of the Dnieper River, away from the borders of Germany, and thus prolong the war
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